Cook the pasta: Bring a large pot of salted water to boil and cook pasta according to package directions until al dente. Reserve 1 cup of pasta water before draining.
Season and sear chicken: Season chicken cutlets generously with salt and pepper on both sides. Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Sear chicken for 5-6 minutes per side until golden brown and cooked through (internal temperature of 165°F). Remove chicken and set aside.
Build the flavor base: In the same pan, add minced garlic and chopped sun-dried tomatoes. Sauté for about 1 minute until fragrant, being careful not to burn the garlic.
Create the sauce: Pour in heavy cream and chicken broth, whisking to combine. Add Italian seasoning and red pepper flakes (if using). Let simmer for 2-3 minutes until the sauce starts to thicken slightly.
Add cheese and combine: Stir in Parmesan cheese until melted and smooth. Slice the cooked chicken and return it to the pan along with the drained pasta. Toss everything together, adding reserved pasta water a splash at a time if needed to achieve desired consistency.
Finish and serve: Remove from heat and stir in fresh chopped basil. Taste and adjust seasoning with salt and pepper as needed. Serve immediately.